Submarines

LR5 Submersible Submarine Rescue Vessel
Normand Pioneer was used as a mother ship for the LR5 in the Kursk submarine rescue attempt and this photograph was taken while en route to the scene.	The LR5 submersible in the water.	The LR5 rescue chamber.
The LR5 refitted stern hatch.	The LR5 stern hatch.	The Scorpio remotely operated vehicle.
LR5 submersible being recovered after a dive.	The LR5 about to be lowered into the water.	Up to 15 submarine survivors can be evacuated at a time to the mother ship or to a mother submarine.
The LR5 is capable of operating in sea state conditions generating up to 5m wave heights.

NSSN Virginia Class
The Virginia (SSN 774) submarine is an advanced stealth multi-mission nuclear powered submarine for anti-submarine warfare and littoral operations.	The Virginia Class is designed for the mission requirements of the post-Cold War era.	The Virginia (SSN 774) submarine alongside at the General Dynamics Electric Boat yard at Groton, Connecticut.
Launch of Texas (SSN 775) in April 2005 at Northrop Grumman Newport News shipyard in Virginia. It was commissioned in September 2006.	Virginia (SSN 774) submarine at Norfolk, Virginia Naval Station, where it was commissioned in October 2004.	To achieve a low acoustic signature, the Virginia Class design features anechoic coatings, isolated deck structures and a new design of propulsor.
Bow of Hawaii (SSN 776) under construction.	Virginia (SSN 774) sailing into Portsmouth, Virginia.	Texas (SSN 775) being moved to the floating dry dock.

Sea Dagger Special Operations
Artist's impression of Sea Dagger.	The concept consists of six modules: one and two the bow and stern, with the remaining four specific mission modules.	Schematic of Small Attack Submarine (SAS).
Schematic of Autonomous Swimmer Delivery Vehicle (ASDV).	Schematic of Advanced Surveillance Vehicle (ASV).	Schematic of Advanced Target Submarine (ATS).

SSBN / SSGN Ohio Class
Four Ohio Class submarines are being converted to SSGN (conventionally armed nuclear-powered) submarines.	USS Alaska SSBN 732.	The Ohio Class submarine is equipped with the Trident strategic ballistic missile.
Ohio Trident Class submarine running on the surface.	The ballistic missile submarine USS Maine (SSBN 741).	USS Maine.
The conning tower and fins SSBN 741.	USS Alaska.

SSBN Delta Class IV (Project 667.BDRM)
The Delta IV is a strategic ballistic missile firing nuclear propelled submarine.	The Delta IV class submarine flying the Russian Ensign.	The Delta IV is equipped with the Brick Spit optronic mast.
The submarine has a double-hulled configuration.	Missile launch is activated with the submarine at a depth of 50m.	The nose horizontal hydroplanes are arranged on the sail.
The propulsion system provides a run speed of 24 knots surfaced and 24 knots submerged.

SSBN Triomphant Class
FNS Triomphant.	The submarine carries 16 vertically launched ballistic missiles.	The submarine's propulsion system is a nuclear turbo-electric system.
The submarine has the capacity to carry a mixed load of 18 ECAN L5 Mod 3 torpedoes and Exocet missiles.	FNS Temeraire.	The SSBN Triomphant.

SSBN Typhoon Class (Type 941)
Two Typhoon Class submarines, part of the Russian Northern Fleet.	Typhoon Class on manoeuvres.	Typhoon Class showing sail with retractable masts.
The submarine's design includes features for travelling under ice and ice-breaking.	The deck with missile hatches open.	Typhoon Class control room.
The submarine carries 20 RSM-52 intercontinental, three-stage solid propellant ballistic missiles.	Line drawing of Typhoon Class submarine.

SSBN Vanguard Class
HMS Vanguard on exercise.	Vanguard class at night.	Vanguard class running on the surface.
Initial training for Trident and Polaris crews takes place at the Faslane base on the Clyde.	HMS Vigilant test fired a UK Trident II D5 missile as part of her DSO.	The Trident missile compartment.
The control room.	The sound room.

SSGN Oscar II Class (Project 949.A) (Kursk)
The larger Oscar II submarines were built between 1985 and 1999 at the Sevmash yard in Severodvinsk.	The bow horizontal hydroplanes are retracted into the hull.	The HF and UHF radio-masts and masts of radio direction-finder, satellite communication and navigation masts are located on the air-shaft to feed compressors.
The Oscar II is also characterized by a substantially enlarged fin, which should improve underwater manoeuvrability.	The two periscopes, radio-sextant and radar masts are located within the retractable devices area.	The design represents a double hull of variable diameter, divided into ten compartments.

SSK Agosta 90B Class
The Agosta 90B Class Attack Submarine.	The Agosta 90B is a direct derivative of the Agosta class.	The fully integrated combat system.
The Agosta 90B can dive deeper than its predecessor.	Agosta 90Bs can be fitted with the MESMA AIP system.	Exocet SM 39 sub-launched anti-ship missile.
A French Navy Agosta submarine.

SSK Andrasta
DCNS's new concept Andrasta submarine has been designed for littoral operations in coastal waters.	The Andrasta design draws heavily on the proven configuration and systems adopted for the Scorpene submarine.	The Andrasta can lurk on the seabed in coastal waters where the water depth is typically less than 100m.
For specials operations, the Andrasta has a deployment airlock for combat swimmers, electronic warfare and intelligence gathering systems.	The Andrasta surfaced displacement is 855t compared to 1,790t to 2,010t displacement for the Scorpene (pictured).

SSK Collins Class (Type 471)
HMAS Waller.	The Collins has a range of 11500 miles at 10 knots surfaced.	HMAS Collins.
HMAS Collins running on the surface.	Fin mounted hydroplanes.	The Type 471 Collins class is a single hull design.
A Mark 48 Mod 4 Heavyweight Torpedo.	Collins is equipped with Thales Optronics CK043 search periscope and CH093 attack periscope.	The Collins combat system is to be upgraded with a variant of the Raytheon CCS Mk 2.

SSK Dolphin Class
Israel's three Dolphin Class submarines were designed by Ingenieurkontor Lubeck Prof Gabler Nachf GmbH (IKL), a subsidiary of Howaldtswerke-Deutche Werft AG (HDW) based in Lubeck, Germany.	INS Dolphin was commissioned in 1999, INS Leviathan in 2000.	The weapon control system is the ISUS 90-1 TCS supplied by STN Atlas Elektronik, which provides automatic sensor management, fire and weapon control, navigation and operation.
The mission of the submarines is to carry out interdiction and surveillance operations and special missions.	Torpedo room with reserve stowage.	The submarine has two periscopes supplied by Kollmorgen.

SSK Gotland Class (Type A19)
HMS Gotland first of class.	The submarine is equipped with a Kollmorgen search-and-attack periscope.	The submarines are fitted with four 21in and two 15.75in torpedo tubes.
The 9SCS Mark 3 Combat Management System has three multifunction consoles.	HMS Uppland.	The design of the A19 Gotland is similar to that of the A17 Vastergotland class submarine.

SSK Kilo Class (Type 636)
Kilo Class Type 636 INS Sindhurakshak.	The submarine is equipped with six 533mm forward torpedo tubes.	A 636 Kilo class submarine submerging.
Kilo Class Type 636 under construction.	A bulkhead in the Kilo Class.	Kilo Class Type 636 is only 1.2m longer in length than Kilo Class Type 877EKM.
Kilo Class Type 636.	Machinery controls.	The yard model of the 636 Kilo class submarine.

SSK Kilo Class (Type 877EKM)
Kilo Class Type 877EKM in harbour.	China has two Type 877EKM, Iran has three Type 877EKM and India has nineType 877EKM.	Kilo Class Type 877EKM showing two torpedo tubes above the water line.
INS Sindhuvir Type 877EKM one of eight Kilo Class SSK's currently in service with the Indian Navy.	The torpedo compartment.	The Kilo Class 877 EKM's predecessor, the Kilo Class 877.
A Type 877EKM control room.	A control console aboard Kilo Class Type 877EKM.	The submarine loading torpedoes with automatic rapid loader.

SSK Manthatisi Class (Type 209/1400) Attack Submarine
Three Type 209/1400 attack submarines, the SSK Manthatisi Class have been built for the South African Navy.	First of class SAS Manthatisi (S101) engaged in training exercises in European waters prior to sailing to South Africa.	SAS Manthatisi (S101), escorted by SAS Drakensburg, en route to South Africa.
Cutaway diagram of the Type 209/1400 submarine.	SAS Manthatisi (S101) arrived at its home port of Simon's Town in April 2006.	The Type 209/1400 submarines have a diesel electric propulsion system, based on four MTU 12V 396 diesel engines delivering 2.8MW.
The Type 209/1400 submarine has a maximum speed of 10kt surfaced and 22kt dived.

SSK Scorpene
The SSK Scorpene Class submarine.	Two Scorpene submarines have been commissioned by the Chilean Navy.	Scorpene is equipped with six 21in torpedo tubes which can launch a variety of weapons, including wire-guided torpedoes and pop-up anti-ship missiles.
Scorpene's SUBTICS integrated combat system from DCN performs all weapon command and control functions.	Scorpene combines modular design and state-of-the-art technologies.	The vessel's sonar suite includes a long range passive cylindrical array, an intercept sonar, distributed array, flank array, a high resolution sonar.
Scorpene's design readily accommodates the Mesma AIP (Air Independent Propulsion) system.

SSK Tupi Class
The Brazilian Navy submarine Tupi (S30).	The radar warning receiver on the Tupi and the Improved Tupi (Tikuna) is the DR-4000.	The submarine is equipped with two mod 76 periscopes.
The propulsion system provides a surface speed of more than 10kt.	Tupi Class submarine off Rio de Janeiro.	The Brazilian Navy submarine fleet operates four Tupi Class submarines, in service since 1999.

SSK Victoria Class Long-Range Patrol Submarines
The Canadian Maritime Force has four Victoria class diesel-electric submarines, formerly Upholder Class submarines of the UK Royal Navy.	The first of class, HMCS Victoria, was commissioned in Halifax in December 2000.	The Victoria Class submarines replace the three Oberon Class submarines, decommissioned in 1998 and 2000.
Victoria Class submarines are armed with 18 Gould Mk 48 Mod 4 heavyweight torpedoes.	The submarine's surface speed is 12kt. Dived speed is 20kt. The range at an 8kt snorting speed is 8,000 miles. The submarine has a patrol endurance of 56 days.	The Upholder Class was withdrawn from service in the Royal Navy in 1994, following a defence review by the UK government.
The diesel-electric propulsion is based on two Paxman Valenta 16SZ diesel engines, rated at 2.7MW (3,620hp) each.

SSN Akula Class (Bars Type 971)
Russian Akula Class submarines are deployed in the Pacific.	The Akula submarine design is under constant upgrade.	The Russian Navy has 16 Bars Class project 971 submarines known in the West as the Akula Class.
The Akula can launch a range of anti-submarine and anti-surface vessel torpedoes.	The Akula submarine has a double-hulled configuration with a distinctive high aft fin.	The Akula Class propulsion system provides a maximum submerged speed of 33kt.

SSN Astute Class
The Royal Navy's Astute Class submarine is a nuclear-powered attack submarine.	The forward dome of the Astute submarine under construction.	Nuclear power for the Astute will be provided by the Rolls-Royce PWR 2 pressurised water reactor.
The Astute submarines are being built at BAE Systems Barrow shipyard.	The Astute Class submarines will be based at Faslane in Scotland.	BAE Systems is building three Astute Class nuclear-powered attack submarines for the UK Royal Navy.
The Astute weapons load will be 50% greater than Trafalgar Class submarines. A total of 38 weapons, including Spearfish torpedoes and Tomahawk cruise missiles, can be carried.	Astute design is similiar to the Trafalgar Batch 1 (HMS Triumph) shown.	HMS Talent (Trafalgar Batch 1) was launched in 1988.
The Astute Class will replace Royal Navy Swiftsure Class submarines, in service since the 1970s. Shown here is HMS Superb (S109).

SSN Barracuda
The six Barracuda nuclear-powered attack submarines will replace the four Rubis submarines and two Amethyst class submarines in the French Navy.	The Barracuda will have a displacement of about 4,100t surfaced, an increase of 70% compared to the Amethyste class submarines. Maximum speed will be 25kt and diving depth over 350m.	The Barracuda missions will include anti-surface and fast deep anti-submarine warfare, land attack using stealthy long-range cruise missiles, surveillance and special operations.
Barracuda will be armed with the Naval Scalp cruise missile which has long-range precision attack capability against targets at ranges of up to 1,000km.	The Barracuda's anti-surface missile is an upgraded version of the SM39 Exocet missile, which travels at high subsonic speed, Mach 0.9, to a target range of 50km.	The Black Shark heavyweight torpedo, developed by DCN and Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei (WASS).

SSN Los Angeles Class
USS Greeneville SSN 772.	The Los Angeles class submarine USS Louisville.	A crew member on board the Los Angeles-class submarine USS Scranton (SSN 756) stands by for an at-sea mail delivery.
The nuclear-powered Los Angeles class attack submarine USS Key West (SSN 722).	USS Buffalo surfaces from the depths of the Pacific Ocean.	Los Angeles Class SSN 753.
Crewmen control the ship's depth, speed, and trim.	Submarine launch of the Harpoon Anti-ship-missile.

SSN Rubis Amethyste Class
The French Navy operates six Rubis Amethyste Class submarines.	A Rubis Amethyste Class attack submarine on patrol.	The SSK Turquoise Class submarine control room.
The six Rubis Amethyste submarines are nuclear powered.	The Rubis Amethyste Class is armed with the torpedo tube launched Exocet SM39 anti-ship missile.	The Turquoise SSK submarine is a derivative of the Rubis Amethyste Class.
Underwater endurance of the Turquoise can be considerably extended.	The Turquoise Class SSK has an endurance of more than 60 days, as opposed to 45 days for the Rubis Amethyste Class.

SSN Seawolf Class
The Seawolf Class was built by the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics.	The first of class, the Seawolf (SSN21).	A Seawolf Class submarine in action.
Seawolf's first sea trials, July 1996.	The nuclear-powered Seawolf has a GE PWR S6W reactor system.	Personnel man the underway main control watch, aboard the US Navy nuclear-powered submarine USS Seawolf (SSN 21).
Seawolf has eight 660mm torpedo tubes for launching torpedoes and missiles.

U212 / U214
The U212 attack submarine.	Four U212 submarines are being built for the German Navy and two for the Italian Navy.	The diesel propulsion system is combined with an Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) system, used for silent slow cruising.
U31, the first of class, began sea trials in April 2003.	The U212 is fitted with six torpedo tubes for DM2A4 heavyweight torpedoes.	The AIP system is very quiet and produces no exhaust heat, making the U212 very difficult to detect.
The AIP fuel cell allows the U212 to cruise underwater for weeks without surfacing.	U31 completing construction.	U212 submarine schematic.
U212 submarine cross section.	The Class 214 submarine will have an increased diving depth and an improvement in AIP performance.	The Integrated Sensor Underwater System – ISUS.

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